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A Woman's Guide to Understanding Breast MRI

Breast MRIBreast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a relatively new application of advanced MRI technology which greatly improves a doctor's ability to detect, diagnose and appropriately treat breast cancer. Breast MRI is often used to confirm or explain areas of concern detected by mammography, physical exam, or other imaging exams. The technology is highly sensitive to small abnormalities that can go unnoticed by mammography or ultrasound. Breast MRI can typically detect breast cancers to approximately 3 to 5 mm in diameter (the size of a pea), even when mammograms or physical examinations are normal.

New guidelines, from the American Cancer Society recommend MRI scans in addition to your annual mammograms starting at age 30 for high-risk women.

The high-risk group includes women who are prone to breast cancer because they have certain genetic mutations, BRCA1 or BRCA2, or those whose mothers, sisters or daughters carry those mutations, even if the woman herself has not been tested. These mutations are not common — they cause less than 10 percent of all breast cancers — but they greatly increase a woman’s risk, to 36 percent to 85 percent.

Others at high risk include women from families in which breast cancer is common, especially in their close relatives, even if no genetic mutation has been identified. Women and their doctors can estimate their odds by using a risk calculator that factors in the medical history of both the woman and her family. A simple calculator is available from the National Cancer Institute and can be found at http://www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/.

An MRI is a non-invasive procedure that doctors can use to determine what the inside of the breast looks like without surgery. A breast MRI highlights tumors through the use of a contrast agent or dye, which, when injected into the bloodstream highlights the dense blood vessel network associated with tumors. Each exam produces hundreds of images of the breast, cross-sectional in all three directions (side-to-side, top-to-bottom, front-to-back). Because an MRI exam provides breast images from multiple angles, the results can be extremely useful in diagnosing and treating breast cancer, as well as for patient follow-up after breast cancer treatment. MRI is also useful when imaging dense breast tissue, which is common in younger women, and when imaging breasts with implants. A sample image can be seen by clicking here.

Breast MRI does not replace standard screening and procedures such as clinical and self exams, mammograms, fine needle aspirations or diagnostic biopsies.

Learn more about Preparing for your breast MRI.

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